EFFICACY OF 18FDG-PET/CT IN PREDICTING RESPONSE AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIATION IN RECTAL CANCER
Abstract
Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) may result in significant response in rectal cancer. Conventional imaging may not be accurate. 18FDG-PET/CT scan has shown promising results for monitoring the response to NACRT. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of 18FDG-PET/CT scan in predicting pathological response after NACRT in carcinoma rectum.Methods: Thirty-two consecutive patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were enrolled. Patients underwent NACRT comprising of external beam radiotherapy and concomitant infusional 5-FU based chemotherapy. It was followed 6 weeks later by total mesorectal excision. All patients underwent FDG-PET/CT before and minimum 6 weeks after the completion of NACRT. Maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) value was calculated. The tumor regression grade (TRG) in resected specimen was scored according to the Mandard criteria. TRG 1-2 was considered as responders and TRG 3-5, non-responders. The SUVmax within the tumor was correlated to differentiate pathological responders from non-responders.
Results: Fourteen of 30 patients were excluded due to protocol deviation. Following NACRT, 7 (50%) patients were classified as responders (TRG 1-2) and 7 (50%) non-responders (TRG 3-5). There were no significant differences in pre NACRT SUVmax between responders (12.05±2.81) and non-responders (17.65±7.20) (p=0.079). The mean post-NACRT SUVmax was significantly lower in responders than non-responders (6.4 vs 10.8; p=0.024). To compare the response using ROC curve analysis (AUC=0.83), and considering a cut-off post SUVmax as 7.0, the sensitivity was 57.14%, specificity 71.43%, positive predictive value (PPV) 66.67%, negative predictive value (NPV) 62.50%, and the overall accuracy was 64.28% to differentiate pathological responders from non-responders.
Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest that 18FDG-PET/CT could be a potentially useful tool in predicting response after NACRT in locally advanced rectal cancer. Post SUVmax of 7.0 appears to be the best predictor tumor response following NACRT.
References
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2. Folkesson J, Birgisson H, Pahlman L, et al. Swedish rectal cancer trial: long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(24):5644–50.
3. Tjandra JJ, Kilkenny JW, Buie WD, et al. Practice parameters for the management of rectal cancer (revised). Dis Colon Rectum 2005;48(3):411–23.
4. Schaffizin DM, Wong WD. Endorectal ultrasound in the preoperative evaluation of rectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2004;4(2):124-132.
5. Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, et al. Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage O distal rectal cancer following chemoradiation therapy: long-term results. Ann Surg 2004;240(4):711-7.
6. Zerhouni EA, Rutter C, Hamiton SR, et al. CT and MR imaging in the staging of colorectal carcinoma: report of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group II. Radiology 1996;200(2):443-451.
7. Capirci C, Rampin L, Erba PA, et al. Sequential FDG-PET/CT reliably predicts response of locally advanced rectal cancer to neo-adjuvant chemo-radiation therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007;34:1583–1593.
8. Rau B, Hunerbein M, Barth C, et al. Accuracy of endorectal ultrasound after preoperative radiochemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Surg Endosc. 1999;13:980–4.
9. Guillem JG, Puig-La Calle Jr J, Akhurst T, Tickoo S, Ruo L, Minsky BD, et al. Prospective assessment of primary rectal cancer response to preoperative radiation and chemotherapy using 18- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:18–24.
10. Richard L, Heather J, Lodge Martin et al. From RECIST to PERCIST : Evolving consideration for PET response criteria in solid tumors. J Nucl Med. 2009;50: 122S-150S
11. Mandard AM, Dalibard F, Madard JC, Marnay J, Henry-Amar M, Petiot JF, et al. Pathologic assessment of tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiation therapy of esophageal carcinoma. Clinicopathologic correlations. Cancer. 1994;73:2680–6.
12. Cascini GL, Avallone A, Delrio P, et al. 18F-FDG PET is an early predictor of pathologic tumor response to preoperative radiochemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. J Nucl Med 2006;47:1241–1248.
13. Chongjial Li, Xiaoli Lan, Hui Yuan, et al. 18FDG PET predicts pathological response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with primary rectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Nucl Med 2014;28:436-446.
14. Capirici C, Rubello D, Pasini F, et al. The role of Dual-time combined 18Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomorgaphy and computed tomography in the staging and restaging workup of locally advanced rectal cancer, treated with preoperative chemoradiation therapy and radical surgery. Int J radiation Oncology Biol Phys 2009;74(5):1461-1469.
15. Caruso R, Vicente E, Quijano Y, Duran H, Fabra I, Diaz E, Malave L, Agresott R, Cañamaque LG, Ielpo B, Ferri V. Role of 18F-PET-CT to predict pathological response after neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer. Discov Oncol. 2021 May 18;12(1):16.
16. Di Fabio F, Pinto C, Ceccarelli C, et al. Correlation between FDG-PET and pathological response in patients with rectal cancer treated with neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy: First results of the Bologna Project. ASCO 2005;Abs. n. 3623.
17. Kristiansen C, Loft A, Berthelsen AK, Graff J, et al. PET/CT and histopathologic response to preoperative chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer Dis Colon Rectum 2008;51:21-25.
18. Janssen MH, Ollers MC, Riedl RG, et al. Accurate prediction of pathological rectal tumor response after weeks of preoperative radiochemotherapy using 18Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;77:392-399.
Published
2023-08-15
How to Cite
PANDIT, Narendra et al.
EFFICACY OF 18FDG-PET/CT IN PREDICTING RESPONSE AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIATION IN RECTAL CANCER.
J Soc Surg Nep, [S.l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 22-28, aug. 2023.
ISSN 2392-4772.
Available at: <https://jssn.org.np/index.php?journal=jssn&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=545>. Date accessed: 04 oct. 2024.
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